Associating advertising content with a channel

ABSTRACT

The disclosure includes a system and method for identifying advertising content and providing a user of a mobile device with a channel related to the advertising content. A recognition application receives advertising content comprising a series of frames, identifies images corresponding to the frames within the advertising content, identifies a first set of feature points from a first image of the advertising content, determines whether the first set of feature points matches a second set of feature points stored in a database, and in response to determining that the first set of feature points fails to match the second set of feature points, identifies the first image as being unique, indexes the first image and the first set of feature points and associates the first image with a channel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The specification relates to a recognition procedure for identifyingimages irrespective of the medium. In particular, the specificationrelates to a system and method for identifying advertising content andproviding a user of a mobile device with a channel related to theadvertising content.

2. Description of the Background Art

Almost all television advertisements inform consumers about differentways to obtain the good or service being advertised. For example, theadvertisements provide a uniform resource locator (URL) for a website, acustomer service number or a location of a brick and mortar store. Theconsumer is expected to remember the company information even thoughonce the television advertisement is complete, the information is gone.As a result, advertisements fail to be as effective as they could bebecause consumers will quickly forget about the advertisement withoutthe additional information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The disclosure includes a system and method for identifying advertisingcontent and providing a user of a mobile device with a channel relatedto the advertising content. In one embodiment, the system is configuredto receive advertising content comprising a series of frames, identifyimages corresponding to the frames within the advertising content,identify a first set of feature points from a first image of theadvertising content, determine whether the first set of feature pointsmatches a second set of feature points stored in a database, and inresponse to determining that the first set of feature points fails tomatch the second set of feature points, identify the first image asbeing unique, index the first image and the first set of feature pointsand associate the first image with a channel.

In some embodiments, a second image can be received from a mobiledevice. A third set of feature points can be identified from the secondimage. It is determined that the third set of feature points matches thefirst set of feature points. The mobile device can be provided with thechannel. The channel includes information about an advertiser associatedwith the advertising content. The advertising content includes anadvertisement between video content or within video content. In someembodiments, a different image of the advertising content can beassociated with a different channel. User input regarding the channelcan be received and an action can be performed responsive to receivingthe user input.

Other aspects include corresponding methods, systems, apparatuses andcomputer program products for these and other innovative aspects.

The specification advantageously describes technology for associatingadvertising content with a channel and providing the channel to a user.It enables a consumer to connect to a brand through the channel at thetime of watching the advertisement, and therefore provides flexibilityfor both the consumer and the advertiser.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way oflimitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which likereference numerals are used to refer to similar elements.

FIG. 1 is a high-level block diagram illustrating one embodiment of asystem for identifying advertising content and providing a channelrelated to the advertising content.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a recognitionapplication.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method forassociating a channel with advertising content based on identifying andindexing the advertising content.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method forproviding a channel related to advertising content based on identifyingthe advertising content.

FIG. 5A is a graphical representation of example images in identifyingadvertising content.

FIG. 5B is a graphical representation of an example channel providedbased on the advertising content identified in FIG. 5A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A system and method for identifying advertising content and providing auser of a mobile device with a channel related to the advertisingcontent. In the following description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to oneskilled in the art that the embodiments can be practiced without thesespecific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shownin block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention. Forexample, the invention is described in one embodiment below withreference to mobile devices such as a smart phone and particularsoftware and hardware. However, the description applies to any type ofcomputing device that can receive data and commands, and any peripheraldevices providing services.

Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic describedin connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in variousplaces in the specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions that follow are presented interms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on databits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions andrepresentations are the means used by those skilled in the dataprocessing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their workto others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally,conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desiredresult. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physicalquantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take theform of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored,transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It hasproven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, torefer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters,terms, numbers or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion,it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizingterms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or“determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action andprocesses of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device,that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical(electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers andmemories into other data similarly represented as physical quantitieswithin the computer system memories or registers or other suchinformation storage, transmission or display devices.

The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the operationsherein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the requiredpurposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectivelyactivated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer.Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storagemedium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk includingfloppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic disks, read-onlymemories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs,magnetic or optical cards, flash memories including USB keys withnon-volatile memory or any type of media suitable for storing electronicinstructions, each coupled to a computer system bus.

Some embodiments can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment,an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing bothhardware and software elements. A preferred embodiment is implemented insoftware, which includes but is not limited to firmware, residentsoftware, microcode, etc.

Furthermore, some embodiments can take the form of a computer programproduct accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable mediumproviding program code for use by or in connection with a computer orany instruction execution system. For the purposes of this invention, acomputer-usable or computer readable medium can be any apparatus thatcan contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program foruse by or in connection with the instruction execution system,apparatus, or device.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output or I/Odevices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointingdevices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or throughintervening I/O controllers.

Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the dataprocessing system to become coupled to other data processing systems orremote printers or storage devices through intervening private or publicnetworks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of thecurrently available types of network adapters.

Finally, the algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherentlyrelated to any particular computer or other apparatus. Variousgeneral-purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with theteachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct morespecialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The requiredstructure for a variety of these systems will appear from thedescription below. In addition, the specification is not described withreference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciatedthat a variety of programming languages may be used to implement theteachings of the various embodiments as described herein.

System Overview

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system 100 for identifyingadvertising content and providing a user of a mobile device with achannel related to the advertising content. The illustrated system 100includes a recognition server 101, an advertisement server 107, adisplay device 125 and mobile devices 115 a . . . 115 n that can beaccessed by users and the recognition server 101. In FIG. 1 and theremaining figures, a letter after a reference number, e.g., “115 a,”represents a reference to the element having that particular referencenumber. A reference number in the text without a following letter, e.g.,“115,” represents a general reference to instances of the elementbearing that reference number. In the illustrated embodiment, theseentities of the system 100 are communicatively coupled via a network105.

The network 105 can be a conventional type, wired or wireless, and mayhave numerous different configurations including a star configuration,token ring configuration or other configurations. Furthermore, thenetwork 105 may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN) (e.g., the Internet), and/or other interconnected data pathsacross which multiple devices may communicate. In some embodiments, thenetwork 105 may be a peer-to-peer network. The network 105 may also becoupled to or includes portions of a telecommunications network forsending data in a variety of different communication protocols. In someembodiments, the network 105 includes Bluetooth communication networksor a cellular communications network for sending and receiving dataincluding via short messaging service (SMS), multimedia messagingservice (MMS), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), direct dataconnection, WAP, email, etc. Although FIG. 1 illustrates one network 105coupled to the mobile device 115 and the recognition server 101, inpractice one or more networks 105 can be connected to these entities.

The advertisement server 107 includes a processor and a memory, and iscoupled to the network 105 via signal line 108. The advertisement server107 provides the recognition server 101 with advertising content. Theadvertising content is an advertisement comprising a series of frames.For example, the advertising content is a television advertisement thattypically contains 25 frames of images or still pictures per second. Inone embodiment, the advertising content can be an advertisement that isdisplayed between video content. The video content includes all contentrelating to video display and is provided by the advertisement server107 and a video server (not shown). For example, the advertising contentis an advertisement that plays during a commercial break of a programthat plays on television. In another embodiment, the advertising contentcan be an advertisement that is part of video content. For example, theadvertising content is a product placement in a TV show. In someembodiments, the advertisement server 107 also provides the recognitionserver 101 with a channel to be associated with the advertising content.

The recognition server 101 can be a computing device that includes aprocessor, a memory and network communication capabilities. Therecognition server 101 is coupled to the network 105 via signal line104. In some embodiments, the recognition server 101 sends and receivesdata to and from other entities of the system 100 via the network 105.For example, the recognition server 101 receives and sends data relatedto the advertising content to and from the mobile device 115. While FIG.1 includes one recognition server 101, the system 100 may include one ormore recognition servers 101.

The recognition server 101 comprises a recognition application 120. Inone embodiment, the recognition application 120 receives advertisingcontent from the advertisement server 107, identifies and indexes theadvertising content, associates the indexed advertising content with oneor more channels and provides a mobile device with the one or morechannels in response to receiving a captured image that matches theadvertising content. A channel includes information about theadvertiser. In another embodiment, the recognition application 120 alsoreceives an image captured from advertising content using the mobiledevice 115 and provides a channel related to the advertising content tothe mobile device 115. In one embodiment, the recognition application120 can be implemented using hardware including a field-programmablegate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).In another embodiment, the recognition application 120 can beimplemented using a combination of hardware and software.

In one embodiment, the recognition application 120 receives advertisingcontent from the advertisement server 107 and identifies the frameswithin the advertising content and images corresponding to the frames.The recognition application 120 performs feature recognition on theimages. The recognition application 120 identifies a first set offeature points from an image The recognition application 120 determineswhether the first set of feature points matches a second set of featuresstored in a database.

If the first and second sets of feature points do not match, therecognition application 120 identifies the image as being unique andindexes the image and the first set of feature points. The recognitionapplication 120 associates the image with a channel. The channelincludes information about the advertiser, for example, a telephonenumber for the company being advertised, a website associated with thecompany, an order form for ordering a product associated with thecompany, a coupon for a good or service associated with the company,etc.

If the first and second sets of feature points match, the recognitionapplication 120 determines whether there is another image available forprocessing. If there is another image available for processing, therecognition application 120 advances to a next image of the advertisingcontent and identifies a next set of feature points. In someembodiments, the recognition application 120 associates the next imagewith a different channel. For example, the recognition application 120associates an image from the beginning of the advertising content with alink to a website and associates an image from the end of theadvertisement with a coupon for purchasing the good or service beingadvertised.

The recognition application 120 receives an image from the mobile device115, identifies a first set of feature points from the image, determinesthat the first set of feature points matches a second set of featurepoints stored in a database, identifies a channel associated with thesecond set of features and provides the mobile device 115 with thechannel. The recognition application 120 is described below in moredetail with reference to FIG. 2.

The mobile device 115 a, 115 n is a computing device with limiteddisplay space that includes a memory, a processor and a camera. Forexample, the mobile device 115 can be a laptop computer, a tabletcomputer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, asmartphone, a mobile email device, etc. In some embodiments, the camerais a high resolution camera. The mobile device 115 a, 115 n is connectedto the network 105, for example, 115 a is connected to the network 105via signal line 109.

The mobile device 115 is adapted to send and receive data to and fromthe recognition server 101. The mobile device 115 a comprises an imagecapture application 130 and a browser 140. In one embodiment, the imagecapture application 130 receives instructions from a user accessing themobile device 115 a, captures an image from advertising contentdisplayed on a display device 125 and transmits the image to therecognition server 101. The mobile device 115 a receives a channel fromthe recognition application 120 and renders graphical informationassociated with the channel using the browser 140.

The display device 125 is an electronic device that displays visualdata, for example, a television, a computer monitor or an electronicwhiteboard. For example, when watching a news program displayed on atelevision, a user sees an advertisement of a drink in the middle of thenews program and selects a “camera” button on a smartphone. In responseto the selection of the “camera” button, the image capture application130 embedded in the smartphone takes a picture of the advertised drinkbeing displayed on the television. The image capture application 130sends the picture of the drink to the recognition server 101. Therecognition server 101 then identifies feature points from the image,matches the identified feature points with the feature points stored ina database and provides the mobile device 115 with a channel related tothe matched feature points. The mobile device 115 includes a display forviewing the channel by a user.

Recognition Application

Referring now to FIG. 2, an example of the recognition application 120is shown in more detail. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a recognitionserver 101 that includes a recognition application 120, a processor 235,a memory 237, a communication unit 241 and data storage 243 according tosome examples. The components of the recognition server 101 arecommunicatively coupled by a bus 220. The bus 220 may represent one ormore buses including an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, aperipheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, a universal serial bus(USB), or some other bus known in the art to provide similarfunctionality.

The processor 235 includes an arithmetic logic unit, a microprocessor, ageneral purpose controller or some other processor array to performcomputations and to optionally provide electronic display signals to adisplay device. The processor 235 is coupled to the bus 220 forcommunication with the other components via signal line 240. Theprocessor 235 processes data signals and may include various computingarchitectures including a complex instruction set computer (CISC)architecture, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture, oran architecture implementing a combination of instruction sets. AlthoughFIG. 2 includes a single processor 235, multiple processors 235 may beincluded. The processing capability may be limited to supporting thedisplay of images and the capture and transmission of images. Theprocessing capability might be enough to perform more complex tasks,including various types of feature extraction and sampling. It will beobvious to one skilled in the art that other processors, operatingsystems, sensors, displays and physical configurations are possible.

The memory 237 stores instructions and/or data that can be executed bythe processor 235. The memory 237 is coupled to the bus 220 forcommunication with the other components via signal line 242. Theinstructions and/or data may include code for performing the techniquesdescribed herein. The memory 237 may be a dynamic random access memory(DRAM) device, a static random access memory (SRAM) device, flash memoryor some other memory device known in the art. In some embodiments, thememory 237 also includes a non-volatile memory or similar permanentstorage device and media including a hard disk drive, a floppy diskdrive, a CD-ROM device, a DVD-ROM device, a DVD-RAM device, a DVD-RWdevice, a flash memory device, or some other mass storage device forstoring information on a more permanent basis.

The communication unit 241 is hardware for receiving and transmittingdata by linking the processor 235 to the network 105 and otherprocessing systems. The communication unit 241 receives data such as animage from the mobile device 115 or advertising content from theadvertisement server 107, and transmits the data to the controller 201.The communication unit 241 also transmits data including channelinformation to the mobile device 115 for display. The communication unit241 is coupled to the bus 220 via signal line 244. In one embodiment,the communication unit 241 includes a port for direct physicalconnection to the mobile device 115 or to another communication channel.For example, the communication unit 241 includes an RJ45 port or similarport for wired communication with the mobile device 115. In anotherembodiment, the communication unit 241 includes a wireless transceiver(not shown) for exchanging data with the mobile device 115 or any othercommunication channel using one or more wireless communication methods,such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, Bluetooth® or another suitablewireless communication method.

In yet another embodiment, the communication unit 241 includes acellular communications transceiver for sending and receiving data overa cellular communications network such as via short messaging service(SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP), direct data connection, wireless application protocol (WAP),e-mail or another suitable type of electronic communication. In stillanother embodiment, the communication unit 241 includes a wired port anda wireless transceiver. The communication unit 241 also provides otherconventional connections to the network 105 for distribution of filesand/or media objects using standard network protocols such as TCP/IP,HTTP, HTTPS and SMTP as will be understood to those skilled in the art.

The data storage 243 is a non-transitory memory that stores data forproviding the functionality described herein. The data storage 243 maybe a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, a static random accessmemory (SRAM) device, flash memory or some other memory devices. In someembodiments, the data storage 243 also includes a non-volatile memory orsimilar permanent storage device and media including a hard disk drive,a floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM device, a DVD-ROM device, a DVD-RAMdevice, a DVD-RW device, a flash memory device, or some other massstorage device for storing information on a more permanent basis. In theillustrated embodiment, the data storage 243 is communicatively coupledto the bus 220 via signal line 246.

In one embodiment, the data storage 243 includes a database. In oneembodiment, the database stores one or more images of advertisingcontent that are identified as unique and feature points associated withthe one or more unique images. In another embodiment, the database alsostores indices of the feature points for faster retrieval. In yetanother embodiment, the database further stores one or more channelsassociated with the one or more unique images.

In one embodiment, the recognition application 120 comprises acontroller 201, an image converter 203, a feature identifier 205, adetermining engine 207, an indexer 209, an association module 211, anaction engine 213 and a user interface engine 215. The components of therecognition application 120 are communicatively coupled via the bus 220.

The controller 201 can be software including routines for handlingcommunications between the recognition application 120 and othercomponents of the recognition server 101. In one embodiment, thecontroller 201 can be a set of instructions executable by the processor235 to provide the functionality described below for handlingcommunications between the recognition application 120 and othercomponents of the recognition server 101. In another embodiment, thecontroller 201 can be stored in the memory 237 of the recognition server101 and can be accessible and executable by the processor 235. In eitherembodiment, the controller 201 can be adapted for cooperation andcommunication with the processor 235 and other components of therecognition server 101 via signal line 222.

In one embodiment, the controller 201 sends and receives data, via thecommunication unit 241, to and from one or more of a mobile device 115and an advertisement server 107. For example, the controller 201receives, via the communication unit 241, advertising content from theadvertisement server 107 and sends the advertising content to the imageconverter 203. In another example, the controller 201 receives graphicaldata for providing a user interface to a user from the user interfacemodule 215 and sends the graphical data to the mobile device 115,causing the browser 140 on the mobile device 115 to render the userinterface.

In one embodiment, the controller 201 receives data from othercomponents of the recognition application 120 and stores the data in thedata storage 243. For example, the controller 201 receives dataincluding image feature points from the feature identifier 205 andstores the data in a database included in the data storage 243. Inanother embodiment, the controller 201 retrieves data from the datastorage 243 and sends the data to other components of the recognitionapplication 120. For example, the controller 201 retrieves dataincluding indexed images from the data storage 243 and sends theretrieved data to the action engine 213.

The image converter 203 can be software including routines for receivingadvertising content and identifying images within the advertisingcontent. In one embodiment, the image converter 203 can be a set ofinstructions executable by the processor 235 to provide thefunctionality described below for identifying images within advertisingcontent. In another embodiment, the image converter 203 can be stored inthe memory 237 of the recognition server 101 and can be accessible andexecutable by the processor 235. In either embodiment, the imageconverter 203 can be adapted for cooperation and communication with theprocessor 235, the feature identifier 205 and other components of therecognition server 101 via signal line 224.

In one embodiment, the image converter 203 receives advertising contentfrom the advertisement server 107 via the controller 201. Theadvertising content is an advertisement that comprises a series offrames. The advertising content is displayed in moving frames on adisplay device 125. In another embodiment, the image converter 203receives video content from the advertisement server 107 and a videoserver (not shown). The video content is all content relating to thevideo display. The video content includes advertising content indifferent ways. In one embodiment, the advertising content is anadvertisement between the video content, for example, an advertisementbetween a first TV show and a second TV show or a sportswearadvertisement in a commercial break of a football game. In anotherembodiment, the advertising content is an advertisement within the videocontent, for example, a product placement in a movie or a news segmentthat links to an online calendar of community events.

The image converter 203 identifies each frame within the advertisingcontent based on a frame rate. The frame rate is the number of stillpictures per unit time when displaying the advertising content. Typicalframe rates for advertising content include 25 frames per second, 29.97frames per second or even up to 90 frames per second. In someembodiments, the image converter 203 uses a brute force technique toidentify each of 250 frames for a 10-second advertising content with aframe rate 25 frames per second and creates a collection of 250 framesfor the advertising content. The image converter 203 also identifies theimages corresponding to the frames within the advertising content. Inone embodiment, the image converter 203 identifies each frame of theadvertising content as an image. For the above example, the imageconverter treats each of 250 frames as an image of the advertisingcontent. In the case where the image converter 203 receives the videocontent rather than merely the advertising content, the image converter203 identifies images within the entire video content. The imageconverter 203 transmits the images to the feature identifier 205 orstores the images in a database included in the data storage 243.

The feature identifier 205 can be software including routines fordetermining feature points in the received images. In one embodiment,the feature identifier 205 can be a set of instructions executable bythe processor 235 to provide the functionality described below fordetermining feature points in the received images. In anotherembodiment, the feature identifier 205 can be stored in the memory 237of the recognition server 101 and can be accessible and executable bythe processor 235. In either embodiment, the feature identifier 205 canbe adapted for cooperation and communication with the processor 235, theimage converter 203, the determining engine 207, the user interfaceengine 215 and other components of the recognition server 101 via signalline 226.

In one embodiment, the feature identifier 205 receives images ofadvertising content and identifies feature points for each image in theadvertising content. The feature identifier 205 receives the imagescorresponding to frames within advertising content from the imageconverter 203, extracts a set of feature points from each of the images,and transmits the feature points and the images to the determiningengine 207. The feature points include different types of informationcharacterizing an image such as information about color, texture oredges of the image. In one embodiment, the feature points also include alocation in the image where each feature point occurs. The featureidentifier 205 extracts feature points that are robust to variations inscale, ambient lighting, image acquisition parameters, etc. For example,the feature identifier 205 can take the original images and resize them,save versions with shading, correct for blur and tilt, etc.

In another embodiment, the feature identifier 205 receives images ofvideo content and identifies feature points for each image ofadvertising content including separating the advertising content fromthe video content. The feature identifier 205 receives images of videocontent from the image converter 203, extracts a set of feature pointsfrom each of the images, determines, based at least in part on thefeature points, a portion of images that correspond to frames of theadvertising content included in the video content, identifies a subsetof feature points for the portion of images, and transmits the subset offeature points and the portion of images of the advertising content tothe determining engine 207. In one example, the feature identifier 205receives 500 images from the image converter 203 that correspond to 500frames of a shoe advertisement and a news program. The featureidentifier 205 determines that the first 200 images in the 500 images isan advertisement and transmits the first 200 images and feature pointsassociated with the first 200 images to the determining engine 207. Inanother example, the feature identifier 205 determines that 100 imagesamong 400 images of a TV show include an embedded food advertisement(e.g., a product placement) with the 100 images, and transmits the 100images and feature points for the embedded food advertisement to thedetermining engine 207.

In one embodiment, the feature identifier 205 identifies feature pointsfrom images of video content, applies contextual analysis on the imagesand feature points, and determines images of advertising content fromthe images of video content. For example, the feature identifier 205identifies a set of feature points for each image of video content andanalyzes the context of the images and the set of feature points. Basedon the contextual analysis, the feature identifier 205 determines thatthe video content is a conversation about local real estate, andidentifies that subsets of feature points are related to a brand of softdrink and are therefore irrelevant to the subject of the conversation.If the number of images from which the subsets of feature points areidentified exceeds a threshold number, the feature identifier 205determines that the images are associated with an advertisement of thebrand of soft drink. In another embodiment, the feature identifier 205also analyzes feature points associated with each image of video contentto determine a start or an end of advertising content based on asignificant change of the feature points. For example, the featureidentifier 205 determines that feature points associated with the first20 images of video content include at least one of a boy's face and abike and that the feature points associated with the images startingfrom the 21^(st) image no longer include the boy's face or the bike. Asa result, the feature identifier 205 determines that only the first 20images include advertising content for the bike. Those skilled in theart will recognize that there are other approaches that can be used toseparate advertising content from video content.

In yet another embodiment, the feature identifier 205 receives an imagefrom a mobile device 115 via the controller 201, extracts a set offeature points from the image and transmits the feature points and theimage to the determining engine 207 for further processing. In oneembodiment, the image is captured from advertising content displayed ona display device 125 by a user using the mobile device 115. The featureidentifier 205 identifies the same feature points for images havingdifferent orientations in the same plane. For example, a user takes twopictures of a piano displayed on the television by positioning a cellphone in front of the television in two different angles. The featureidentifier 205 receives the two pictures from the user and identifiesthe same feature points for the same piano irrespective of differentobject angles in the image plane. This is helpful in correcting for ashaky hand or a capture that is not perfectly parallel with the display.

In one embodiment, the feature identifier 205 sends the images andfeature points associated with the images to the determining engine 207.In another embodiment, the feature identifier 205 stores the images andfeature points associated with the images in a database included in thedata storage 243.

The determining engine 207 can be software including routines fordetermining whether a first set of feature points identified from animage matches a second set of feature points stored in a database. Inone embodiment, the determining engine 207 can be a set of instructionsexecutable by the processor 235 to provide the functionality describedbelow for determining whether the first and second sets of featurepoints match. In another embodiment, the determining engine 207 can bestored in the memory 237 of the recognition server 101 and can beaccessible and executable by the processor 235. In either embodiment,the determining engine 207 can be adapted for cooperation andcommunication with the processor 235, the feature identifier 205, theindexer 209, the association engine 211, the action engine 213 and othercomponents of the recognition server 101 via signal line 228.

In one embodiment, the feature identifier 205 extracts a first set offeature points from an image of advertising content provided by theadvertisement server 107 and transmits the first set of feature pointsand the image to the determining engine 207. The determining engine 207compares the first set of feature points to a second set of featurepoints stored in a database included in the data storage 243, anddetermines whether the first and second sets of feature points match.For example, the feature points for a first image and a second imagethat correspond to two adjacent frames in advertising content couldshare a lot of similarities. The determining engine 207 may determinethat a first set of feature points from the first image matches a secondset of feature points if the second set of feature points is identifiedfrom the second image and is stored in the database. In one embodiment,the determining engine 207 determines that the first and second sets offeature points match if they are within a predefined threshold. Forexample, if 85% of feature points in the first and second sets offeature points match each other, and the threshold is 80%, thedetermining engine 207 determines that the first and second sets offeature points match.

In response to determining that the first set of feature points from theimage of advertising content does not match the second set of featurepoints stored in the database (e.g., a recognition failure), thedetermining engine 207 identifies the image as being unique. In responseto determining that the first set of feature points from the image ofadvertising content matches the second set of feature points stored inthe database (e.g., a recognition success), the determining engine 207determines whether there is another image available for processing. Theprocesses of identifying feature points from an image and matching thefeature points of the image to a database are iterated until thedetermining engine 207 determines that every image within theadvertising content is processed. Once every image within theadvertising content has been processed, the determining engine 207identifies all unique images for the advertising content and creates aset that includes all the unique images to identify and classify theadvertising content. The determining engine 207 transmits the set ofunique images and feature points associated with each unique image inthe set to the indexer 209 for indexing and to the association module211 for associating with a channel.

Since the determining engine 207 groups images that share matchingfeature points to a single unique image (e.g., in the cases ofrecognition success), the determining engine 207 determines a minimumset of unique images. For example, out of 400 images of advertisingcontent, the determining engine 207 determines that the feature pointsextracted from 200 of the images are unique. As a result, only half ofthe images are indexed and the processing time for matching a capturedimage with the indexed image is reduced.

In another embodiment, the feature identifier 205 extracts a first setof feature points from an image captured by a mobile device 115 andtransmits the first set of feature points and the captured image to thedetermining engine 207. The image is captured from advertising contentdisplayed on a device display 125. The determining engine 207 determineswhether the first set of feature points matches a second set of featurepoints stored in a database. In response to a match between the firstand second sets of feature points, the determining engine 207 transmitsdata describing the mobile device, the captured image and the first andsecond sets of feature points to the action engine 213 to notify theaction engine 213 to provide a channel to the mobile device.

The indexer 209 can be software including routines for indexing a uniqueimage of advertising content in a database. In one embodiment, theindexer 209 can be a set of instructions executable by the processor 235to provide the functionality described below for indexing a unique imageof advertising content. In another embodiment, the indexer 209 can bestored in the memory 237 of the recognition server 101 and can beaccessible and executable by the processor 235. In either embodiment,the indexer 209 can be adapted for cooperation and communication withthe processor 235, the determining engine 207, the action engine 213 andother components of the recognition server 101 via signal line 230.

In one embodiment, the indexer 209 receives a unique image ofadvertising content from the determining engine 207 and indexes theunique image in a database. For example, the indexer 209 maps the uniqueimage to a value (e.g., a number, an alphabetical letter, etc.) in afile format (e.g., Extensible Markup Language (XML) format). The indexer209 also indexes a set of feature points identified from the uniqueimage and a location in the unique image where each feature pointoccurs. The indexer 209 indexes each image in the set of unique imagesfor the advertising content. For example, the indexer 209 may index fiveimages for a 10-second advertising content and index 30 images foranother 10-second advertising content. In one embodiment, the indexer209 stores index information as metadata of the image.

In another embodiment, the indexer 209 also identifies and retrieves anindex from the database. For example, the indexer 209 identifies anindex for a set of feature points from the database and communicateswith the association module 211 to retrieve a channel associated withthe set of feature points based on the index. The indexer 209 organizesthe indices to support a feature-based query or other fast retrievals.

The association module 211 can be software including routines forassociating a unique image with one or more channels. In one embodiment,the association module 211 can be a set of instructions executable bythe processor 235 to provide the functionality described below forassociating a unique image with one or more channels. In anotherembodiment, the association module 211 can be stored in the memory 237of the recognition server 101 and can be accessible and executable bythe processor 235. In either embodiment, the association module 211 canbe adapted for cooperation and communication with the processor 235, thedetermining engine 207, the action engine 213 and other components ofthe recognition server 101 via signal line 232.

The association module 211 receives a unique image determined foradvertising content from the determining engine 207 and associates theunique image with one or more channels. For example, the image could beof a telephone number or a website displayed as part of the advertisingcontent. The channel can be received from the advertisement server 107and includes information about the advertiser. For example, the channelcould include the telephone number for the company being advertised, thea website being advertised, an order form for ordering a productassociated with the company, a coupon for a good or service associatedwith the company, etc. In some embodiments, the advertiser can selectwhich channel(s) should be associated with the image even though a phonenumber, for example, is displayed with the particular image. In oneembodiment, the association module 211 associates different uniqueimages of advertising content with different channels. For example, theassociation module 211 receives three unique images from the determiningengine 207. The first, second and third unique images are from thebeginning, middle and end of a restaurant advertisement, respectively.The association module 211 associates the first image with a link to therestaurant's website, associates the second image with a menu, andassociates the third image with a coupon for purchasing dinner.

The association module 211 stores the one or more channels associatedwith a unique image to the database that stores the index of the uniqueimage. The association module 211 communicates with the indexer 209 toretrieve the unique image, the feature points identified from the uniqueimage and the one or more channels associated with the unique image fromthe database based on the index. In one embodiment, the associationmodule 211 also adds the channel information to the image as metadata ofthe image.

The action engine 213 can be software including routines for providingone or more channels to a user. In one embodiment, the action engine 213can be a set of instructions executable by the processor 235 to providethe functionality described below for providing one or more channels toa user. In another embodiment, the action engine 213 can be stored inthe memory 237 of the recognition server 101 and can be accessible andexecutable by the processor 235. In either embodiment, the action engine213 can be adapted for cooperation and communication with the processor235, the determining engine 207, the indexer 209, the association module211, the user interface engine 215 and other components of therecognition server 101 via signal line 234.

The action engine 213 provides one or more channels related toadvertising content to a user who is interested in the advertisingcontent. For example, the user is watching an advertisement ontelevision and wants to know more about a vacuum displayed on thetelevision. The user takes a picture of the vacuum with a smartphone.The feature identifier 205 receives the image of the vacuum, extracts afirst set of feature points from the image, and transmits the first setof feature points and the image to the determining engine 207. Thedetermining engine 207 determines a successful recognition by matchingthe first set of feature points to a second set of feature points storedin a database. For example, the determining engine 207 determines thatthe feature points from an image including the vacuum vertically matchthe feature points from an image including the vacuum horizontally.Responsive to the successful recognition, the determining engine 207notifies the action engine 213 to provide a channel to the user. Thechannel includes information about the vacuum. As a result, a user canview the advertisement and can connect to the advertised product whilewatching the advertisement rather than having to remember to search forthe product information later.

Once a successful recognition of a first image captured by a user usinga mobile device is determined, the determining engine 207 transmits tothe action engine 213 data describing the mobile device, the firstimage, a first set of feature points identified from the first image(optional), and a second set of feature points matching the first set offeature points. In response to receiving the data, the action engine 213communicates with the indexer 209 and the association module 211 toretrieve a second image associated with the second set of feature pointsand to identify one or more channels associated with the second imagefrom the database based on an index of the second set of feature points.The action engine 213 then communicates with the user interface engine215 to present channel information on a display of the mobile device.

In one embodiment, the action engine 213 provides channel informationfor viewing by the user. For example, the action engine 213 providesmanufacture specifications of an advertised car responsive to a usersnapping a picture of the car advertisement. In another example, two ormore channels include channel information in a list. In anotherembodiment, the action engine 213 also receives user input regarding thechannel information, performs an action based on the user input andprovides an action result to the user. In one example, responsive to amatched image of an advertised pizza, the action engine 213 communicateswith the user interface engine 215 to receive a user selection of an“order” option shown on a user interface displayed on a user's tabletscreen and to order the advertised pizza for a user that is going tohave dinner. Once the order is processed (e.g., by a server not shown),the action engine 213 notifies the user by providing a message on thetablet screen. In another example, in addition to providing a telephonenumber of the advertiser on a user interface displayed on a smartphone,the action engine 213 also generates code for instructing the mobiledevice 115 to call the number once a user clicks a “make a call” buttonon the user interface. The process of identifying an image ofadvertising content and providing a channel associated with the image toa user is depicted below in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5A and5B.

The user interface engine 215 is software including routines forgenerating graphical data for providing user interfaces to users. In oneembodiment, the user interface engine 215 is a set of instructionsexecutable by the processor 235 to provide the functionality below forgenerating graphical data for providing the user interfaces. In anotherembodiment, the user interface engine 215 is stored in the memory 237and is accessible and executable by the processor 235. In eitherembodiment, the user interface engine 215 is adapted for cooperation andcommunication with the processor 235 and other components of therecognition server 101 via signal line 238.

In one embodiment, the user interface engine 215 generates a graphicalinterface for a user of a mobile device 115 to capture an image of theadvertising content displayed on a display device 125. In anotherembodiment, the user interface engine 215 receives instructions from theaction engine 213 to generate graphical data for presenting channelinformation on a mobile device 115 for a user. In yet anotherembodiment, in response to user input regarding the channel information,the user interface engine 215 generates a graphical image for displayinga result of an action performed based on the user input. The userinterface module 215 sends the graphical data to an application (e.g., abrowser) in the mobile device 115 via the communication unit 241 causingthe application to display the data in a user interface.

Example Methods and Graphic Representations

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram 300 of one embodiment of a method forassociating a channel with advertising content based on identifying andindexing the advertising content. The recognition application 120includes a controller 201, an image converter 203, a feature identifier205, a determining engine 207, an indexer 209 and an association module211.

The image converter 203 receives 302 advertising content comprising aseries of frames via the controller 201. In one embodiment, theadvertising content is an advertisement displayed between video content.The video content is all content relating to a video display device 125.For example, the advertising content is an advertisement displayedbetween a first TV show and a second TV show or a sportswearadvertisement in a commercial break of a football game. In anotherembodiment, the advertising content is an advertisement within the videocontent, for example, a product placement in a movie or a news segmentthat links to an online calendar of community events. The imageconverter 203 identifies 304 images within the advertising content. Inone embodiment, the image converter 203 identifies each frame within theadvertising content based on a frame rate and determines each frame asan image. For example, the image converter 203 uses a brute forcetechnique to identify each of 250 frames for a 10-second advertisingcontent with a frame rate 25 frames per second and determines each of250 frames as an image of the advertising content.

The feature identifier 205 identifies 306 a first set of feature pointsfrom an image. The feature points include different types of informationcharacterizing an image such as information about color, texture, edges,etc. and a location in the image where each feature point occurs. Thefeature identifier 205 extracts feature points. The feature identifier205 transmits the first set of feature points and the image to thedetermining engine 207.

The determining engine 207 determines 308 whether the first set offeature points match a second set of feature points stored in adatabase. For example, where the first set of feature points correspondto an image of a person talking and the second set of feature pointscorrespond to an image of a person talking later in the same video, thetwo images share a lot of similarities and the determining engine 207determines that the two sets of feature points respectively identifiedfrom the two images match each other. In one embodiment, the determiningengine 207 determines that the first and second sets of feature pointsmatch if they are within a predefined threshold.

In response to the first set of feature points failing to match thesecond set of feature points (e.g., a recognition failure), the indexer209 determines that the image is unique and indexes 310 the image andthe first set of feature points. The second set of feature points canbe, for example, a first image from the advertising content, which willgenerally be determined to be unique since the index would lack featurepoints to compare it to. For example, the indexer 209 maps the uniqueimage to a value (e.g., a number, an alphabetical letter, etc.) in afile format (e.g., Extensible Markup Language (XML) format). In oneembodiment, the indexer 209 also indexes a location in the unique imagewhere each feature point occurs.

The association module 211 associates 312 the image with one or morechannels. For example, the image could include a phone number or awebsite. The channel includes information about the advertiser. Forexample, the channel could be the telephone number for the company beingadvertised, the website for the company being advertised, an order formfor ordering a product associated with the company, a coupon for a goodor service associated with the company, etc. In some embodiments, theadvertiser can select which channel(s) should be associated with theimage even though a phone number, for example, is displayed with theparticular image. In one embodiment, the association module 211associates different unique images of advertising content with differentchannels.

At step 314, the determining engine 207 determines whether there isanother image available for processing. If there is another imageavailable for processing, the method 300 advances 316 to a next image.If a last image of the advertising content has been processed, themethod 300 completes.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram 400 of one embodiment of a method for providinga channel related to advertising content based on identifying theadvertising content. The recognition application 120 includes acontroller 201, a feature identifier 205, a determining engine 207, anindexer 209 and an action engine 213.

The controller 201 receives 402 an image from a mobile device 115 thatwas captured from a video on a display device 125. For example, the usertakes a picture of an advertised product with a smartphone when watchingan advertisement on television. The feature identifier 205 identifies404 a first set of feature points from the image, the feature pointsbeing independent from object orientations in a plane. For example, thefeature identifier 205 identifies the same feature points from an imagethat was taken of the television at an angle and an image from theadvertising content. The determining engine 207 determines 406 that thefirst set of feature points matches a second set of feature pointsstored in a database. The indexer 209 identifies 408 one or morechannels associated with the second set of feature points.

The action engine 213 provides 410 the mobile device 115 with the one ormore channel. In one example, the action engine 213 provides manufacturespecifications of an advertised car responsive to a user snapping apicture of the car advertisement. In another example, responsive to amatched image of an advertised pizza, the action engine 213 communicateswith the user interface engine 215 to receive a user selection of an“order” option shown on a user interface displayed on a user's tabletscreen and to order the advertised pizza for a user that is going tohave dinner. Once the order is processed (e.g., by a server not shown),the action engine 213 notifies the user by providing a message on thetablet screen.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphic representations 500 and 520, respectively,illustrating a process of identifying an image of advertising contentand providing a channel associated with the image to a user. Referringto FIG. 5A, the graphic representation 500 includes images 502 and 504.The image 502 is a picture of a book “pattern classification” taken froma television advertisement by a user using a smartphone when watchingtelevision. The feature identifier 205 receives the image 502 from theuser and identifies a first set of feature points from the image 502.The determining engine 207 determines that the first set of featurepoints matches a second set of feature points stored in a database. Thesecond set of feature points is associated with the image 504. Theimages 502 and 504 include the same book positioned in different angles.The action engine 213 communicates with the indexer 209 to retrieve theimage 504 from the database.

Referring now to FIG. 5B, the graphic representation 520 includes a userinterface 521 generated by the user interface engine 215 responsive toreceiving instructions from the action engine 213. The user interface521 includes channel information 522 associated with the image 504 shownin FIG. 5A. The channel information 522 includes book information 524(e.g., a hardcover book), seller information 526, contact information ofthe seller 530 (e.g., an email address and a phone number) andinformation of related books 536. The channel information 522 alsoincludes an option 528 for the user to place an order of the book, anoption 532 for the user to write an email to the seller of the book, anoption 534 for the user to make a call to the seller and options 538 forthe user to link to detailed information of related books. In oneembodiment, the action engine 213 also instructs the user interfaceengine 215 to generate another user interface (not shown) to displaymessages resulting from a user selecting options 528, 532, 534 and 538.For example, responsive to the user selecting the option 538, the actionengine 213 instructs the user interface engine 215 to display theauthor, the publisher, the seller, the abstract and other informationabout the book “machine learning” on the user's smartphone.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented for thepurposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the specification to the precise form disclosed.Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteaching. It is intended that the scope of the embodiments be limitednot by this detailed description, but rather by the claims of thisapplication. As will be understood by those familiar with the art, theexamples may be embodied in other specific forms without departing fromthe spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Likewise, theparticular naming and division of the modules, routines, features,attributes, methodologies and other aspects are not mandatory orsignificant, and the mechanisms that implement the description or itsfeatures may have different names, divisions and/or formats.Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in therelevant art, the modules, routines, features, attributes, methodologiesand other aspects of the specification can be implemented as software,hardware, firmware or any combination of the three. Also, wherever acomponent, an example of which is a module, of the specification isimplemented as software, the component can be implemented as astandalone program, as part of a larger program, as a plurality ofseparate programs, as a statically or dynamically linked library, as akernel loadable module, as a device driver, and/or in every and anyother way known now or in the future to those of ordinary skill in theart of computer programming. Additionally, the specification is in noway limited to embodiment in any specific programming language, or forany specific operating system or environment. Accordingly, thedisclosure is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of thescope of the specification, which is set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:receiving, with one or more processors, video content comprising aseries of frames; identifying a first image corresponding to a firstframe within the video content; identifying, with the one or moreprocessors, a first set of feature points from the first image; creatingone or more entries in an indexed database including a minimum image setof the video content by: storing the first image and the first set offeature points in the indexed database; and for each frame of the seriesof frames after the first frame, identifying a corresponding image forthe frame; identifying a set of feature points from the correspondingimage; determining, with the one or more processors, whether the set offeature points from the corresponding image matches feature pointsstored in the indexed database; and in response to determining that theset of feature points from the corresponding image fails to match thefeature points stored in the indexed database, identifying thecorresponding image as a unique image and storing the correspondingimage and the set of feature points from the corresponding image in theindexed database; and associating the minimum image set of the videocontent with advertising information.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving an image captured from the video content using amobile device; identifying a set of feature points from the receivedimage; determining that the set of feature points from the receivedimage matches the feature points stored in the indexed database; andproviding the mobile device with the advertising information.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the advertising information includesinformation about an advertiser associated with the video content. 4.The method of claim 1, further comprising associating different imagesin the minimum image set of the video content with different advertisinginformation.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the video contentincludes an advertisement.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein identifyingthe first image and the corresponding image is based on a frame rate ofthe video content.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving user input regarding the advertising information; andperforming an action responsive to receiving the user input.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein determining whether the set of feature pointsfrom the corresponding image matches the feature points stored in theindexed database further comprises determining whether a percentage ofthe set of feature points from the corresponding image that matches thefeature points stored in the indexed database is within a predefinedthreshold.
 9. A system comprising: one or more processors; an imageconverter stored on a memory and executable by the one or moreprocessors, the image converter configured to receive video contentcomprising a series of frames and identify a first image correspondingto a first frame within the video content; a feature identifier coupledto the image converter and configured to identify a first set of featurepoints from the first image; a determining engine coupled to the featureidentifier and configured to create one or more entries in an indexeddatabase including a minimum image set of the video content by:transmitting, to an indexer, the first image and the first set offeature points to store in the indexed database; and for each frame ofthe series of frames after the first frame, receiving, from the imageconverter, a corresponding image for the frame; receiving, from thefeature identifier, a set of feature points from the correspondingimage; determining whether the set of feature points from thecorresponding image matches feature points stored in the indexeddatabase; and in response to determining that the set of feature pointsfrom the corresponding image fails to match the feature points stored inthe indexed database, identifying the corresponding image as a uniqueimage and transmitting, to the indexer, the corresponding image and theset of feature points from the corresponding image in to store in theindexed database; and an association module coupled to the determiningengine and configured to associate the minimum image set of the videocontent with advertising information.
 10. The system of claim 9, whereinthe feature identifier is further configured to receive an imagecaptured from the video content using a mobile device and identify a setof feature points from the received image, the determining engine isfurther configured to determine that the set of feature points from thereceived image matches the feature points stored in the indexeddatabase, and the system further comprises an action engine coupled tothe determining engine and configured to provide the mobile device withthe advertising information.
 11. The system of claim 9, wherein theadvertising information includes information about an advertiserassociated with the video content.
 12. The system of claim 9, whereinthe association module is further configured to associate differentimages in the minimum image set of the video content with differentadvertising information.
 13. The system of claim 9, further comprisingan action engine coupled to the determining engine and configured to:receive user input regarding the advertising information; and perform anaction responsive to receiving the user input.
 14. The system of claim9, wherein determining whether the set of feature points from thecorresponding image matches the feature points stored in the indexeddatabase further comprises determining whether a percentage of the setof feature points from the corresponding image that matches the featurepoints stored in the indexed database is within a predefined threshold.15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computeruseable medium including a computer readable program, wherein thecomputer readable program when executed on a computer causes thecomputer to: receive video content comprising a series of frames;identify a first image corresponding to a first frame within the videocontent; identify a first set of feature points from the first image;create one or more entries in an indexed database including a minimumimage set of the video content by: storing the first image and the firstset of feature points in the indexed database; and for each frame of theseries of frames after the first frame, identifying a correspondingimage for the frame; identifying a set of feature points from thecorresponding image; determining whether the set of feature points fromthe corresponding image matches feature points stored in the indexeddatabase; and in response to determining that the set of feature pointsfrom the corresponding image fails to match the feature points stored inthe indexed database, identifying the corresponding image as a uniqueimage and storing the corresponding image and the set of feature pointsfrom the corresponding image in the indexed database; and associate theminimum image set of the video content with advertising information. 16.The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer readableprogram when executed on the computer further causes the computer to:receive an image captured from the video content using a mobile device;identify a set of feature points from the received image; determine thatthe set of feature points from the received image matches the featurepoints stored in the indexed database; and provide the mobile devicewith the advertising information.
 17. The computer program product ofclaim 15, wherein the advertising information includes information aboutan advertiser associated with the video content.
 18. The computerprogram product of claim 15, wherein the computer readable program whenexecuted on the computer further causes the computer to associatedifferent images in the minimum image set of the video content withdifferent advertising information.
 19. The computer program product ofclaim 15, wherein the computer readable program when executed on thecomputer further causes the computer to: receive user input regardingthe advertising information; and perform an action responsive toreceiving the user input.
 20. The computer program product of claim 15,wherein determining whether the set of feature points from thecorresponding image matches the feature points stored in the indexeddatabase further comprises determining whether a percentage of the setof feature points from the corresponding image that matches the featurepoints stored in the indexed database is within a predefined threshold.